托福备考：2014年3月15、16日新托福口语预测

    3月15日、16日新托福口语方向的预测，成都新航道分享给大家，当然，大家可以参考预测，但是不要过度依赖预测，希望大家能够考出一个好成绩，good luck！！

    独立话题重点

    1. Describe a time you are trying to do something that you have never do.

    2. Would u like to study with teachers who have more experiences or just begin to teach?

    3. Describe an activity that you enjoyed doing together with your family in your childhood. Explain why it was enjoyable to do this activity with your family. Please include reasons and details in your response.

    4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

    5. What are the advantages of furthering education abroad? And explain why.

    6. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? College education should only be available to people who have done well in secondary school? Why?

    7. What are the benefits of talking to older family members?

    8. Do your prefer to focus on one thing at a time or work on several projects at the same time?

    9. Describe a serious problem your country is facing. Explain why it is serious.

    10. Do you prefer to finish your homework as quickly as possible or wait until the deadline?

    11. What do you think is the most important quality of a working environment: good leaders, good colleagues, or flexible time?

    12. Do you agree or disagree: cell phone changes our lives greatly.

    13. Describe your favorite place to shop for clothes. Explain why you like to go there for clothes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

    14. Some people like to spend their spare time with friends, some people like to spend it alone. Which one do you prefer?

    15. Among the following three types of work, which would you enjoy doing the most? Helping children with communication problems, doing community work, or growing plants in the garden.

    16. Agree or disagree: young children should learn to draw or paint. Include details and examples to support your answer.

    17. What do you recommend the community or university to do to protect the environment?

    18. Agree or disagree: young children should learn to draw or paint. Include details and examples to support your answer.

    19. Describe an activity that you enjoy doing together with your family. Explain why. Please include reasons and details in your response.

    20. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer or video games has a negative influence on teenagers.

    21. Describe a most unforgettable success in your life. Explain why it was important to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.

    22. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: government should spend money on encouraging citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle?

    23. Which do you think is better for children? Grow up in a big city or in a small town?

    24. Describe a social or historical event that you’re interested in most. Explain why you are interested in it and want to know more about it. Include reasons and examples to support your response.

    25. Agree or disagree: watching TV program is a waste of time.

    26. What suggestions would you give to your friend who wants to improve his/her scores in class?

    27. Agree or disagree: Artists(painters, musicians, etc.) are born and not taught.

    28. Do your prefer to focus on one thing at a time or work on several projects at the same time?

    29. When do you prefer to work on your assignment, in the morning or in the evening?

    30. If you volunteer in the community, which job would you do: recycle program, teach children to plant vegetable, teach children how to eat healthily.

    31. Which food do you recommend the cafeteria to add to their menu?

    32. Some people believe it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe it is better for children to grow in small towns and rural areas. What is your opinion and why?

    33. Describe a character in a book, movie, or poem.

    34. Do you prefer to use email or telephone to communicate with your family?

    35. Where do you prefer to go shopping?

    36. Describe a job or career that you admire but do not want to take?

    37. If a foreign tourist visits your city, where would you take this tourist? A factory, a university or a museum? Please include specific details and examples to support your explanation.

    38. What are the advantages and disadvantages of children playing video games?

    39. Do you prefer to take classes with a large amount of students or smaller classes? Why?

    40. Some people prefer to watch entertainment TV programs while others prefer to watch educational programs. Which do you prefer? Why?

    41. Describe on positive experience and the result.

    42. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? College education should only be available to people who have done well in secondary school.

    43. Do you think learning events take place in the past or present is more important?

    44. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: government should spend money on encouraging citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle?

    45. Which one of the following characteristics does your friends like you most: cheerfulness, kindness or intelligently. Choose one of the three. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

    46. Your friend wants to drive away the fear when speak in front of groups of people, what suggestion you would give her?

    47. Describe your favorite movie star or singer.

    48. Describe a piece of news or a story that you are interested in recently. And explain why you think it was interesting. Include reasons and details in your response.

    49. Some students prefer to take an essay question where they must write an essay to a question. Other students prefer to take a test with objective questions. Which type of exam questions do you prefer?

    50. Describe a time you are trying to do something that you have never do.

    综合话题重点重点1Task3Reading: One student want to limit the printing paper in computer center1.waste paper and2.machine like to break downGirl doesn't agree:1） priting paper is part of practice and doing research, because didn't know those material can be used or not, not waste.2） Machine would break down not because of printing so much paper. It breaks down because it's old.Task4Advance XXXX...就是说老师鼓励学生以后，即使不需要明确教导，同学也会照作。教授举例，老师让同学在教室吃糖果，然后计算同学在地上留下多少糖果纸。然后对同学说教授很干净，值得鼓励。两星期后，再给同学吃一次糖果，这次同学都会把糖果纸丢到垃圾桶。Task5女生急着从图书馆赶到校园另一端的教室，十分钟后有oral presentation，但是外面在下雨，他没有雨伞。男生给他两个选择1）借男生的雨伞，但是伞在楼上，一来一会可能会迟到2）直接跑过去，会准时到，但是在做presentation时全身都是湿的，会很不礼貌。Task6动物的防御机制（避免被吃）：用一种蛇作举例1）假装自己很危险，蛇使自己的身体膨胀，体积变大，恐吓，但是因为嘴巴必须闭紧牙齿不会外露。2）装死，会平躺在地上几分钟假装自己死亡，等猎食者过了再起来。

    重点2Task3关于学校stop serving junk food in dining hall，男生不同意。一：这是没有必要的。学生已经很健康了，学习完以后吃点零食是挺好的，尤其是finishing paper以后，女生说对啊，比如icecream什么的。二：就算我们不在学校买也会到校外的store去买，而且更贵，根本就不省钱Task4alarm cells(后面这个词不确定)，就是讲动物可以发出一种signal让它的同伴意识到危险，但是有时这些alarm is deceptive。教授举例，说科学家做了一个实验，研究一种monkey who search food together and share with each other.当它们遇到predator(一个比较奇怪的名字)，它们会怎么叫（楼主没听清楚或者是英语单词有限)让每个同伴都听到，大家就躲起来。但是有一次，科学家观察到一群monkey找到了Foods and准备要eat了，突然一只猴子叫了起来，其他所有的同伴都逃跑躲在树后面。过了一会他们出来后，才发现那只叫的猴子Sit alone and eat all the food.Task5男的有问题了。他必须写一个4页的Paper明早交，他发现了一本有用的书在图书馆。（看着句式多美式）然他跑出去跟朋友玩，回来晚了发现星期天图书馆没有开门借不到书。他给自己想了两个办法。一是换另一Topic/poe二是明天早上早点起来去图书馆借书再写，几个小时就搞定了。Task6讲Marketing有关的，说services是现代营销的一个重要的东西，然后讲怎么让消费者相信他们的Service是好的呢？教授举例她的一个朋友，是一个Painter专门刷House的。但是很少人知道她，因为她以前不做这个。然后她的朋友就让一些消费者写有关于她的作品的评论，吸引了很多人过来。另外一种策略是，她的朋友把以前做过的Work拍照 take photograph，一些Potential customers也对她的工作产生了兴趣。

    重点3Task3Coffee shop on campus plan to have live music performed by students on Friday night started next month; the store manager believed that student will largely participate in both performance and attendence for the concert. The female student would like to participate playing guitar and singing. This kind of live music in this area cost a lot; compared to that, the coffee shop provids affordable live music experience.Task4讲植物的防御的两个process。 professor举得例子一种树~砍掉它的branch~会分泌chemical然后第二部这个chemical也会作为信号让别的植物（还是植物的其他部分）也知道受到危险然后一起分泌化学物质……类似Task5女的在小学当志愿者，和她的小学生们约好周末去野餐。但周末天气不好。所以有两个选择1）改计划，但很麻烦，因为家长也要去。2）改地点，去餐厅吃。但在室内吃饭没有在外面有趣。Task6商品的价格对供求关系的影响，两个例子一个是soft drink，降价了于是卖的好啦。因为消费者会觉得便宜了呢。然后computer降价了反而卖得不好，因为消费者觉得便宜没好货。

    重点4Task3有人写信提议学校的体育馆早上只对篮球队开放，要不人太多篮球队等的蛋疼。而且体育馆可以晚上多开点时间给那些普通同学。女生说这个提议太弱了因为好多同学晚上木时间，人家有打工还有其他活动啊。还有早上篮球队等太久是因为有人总霸占器械太久，应该搞个time limit制度。Task4

    一种environment disturbance是一种因自然原因或人为活动对植物生长的干扰。叫兽举了个栗子，一块地有一种blue grass长得太多太密集了把阳光都挡住了，其他植物无法在此生存。然后放牛的人来了，牛把这些草啃掉好多，这样有空间又有阳光，小野花也能在这长了，不仅仅是blue grass一种。Task5

    一个男仔对一个妹子说今晚是学校演出最后一晚了你不去咩？妹子说票搞得到但是今晚她应该在实验室shelve books干几个小时肿么办？1.她可以第二天早上早起去图书馆把昨晚活干了。但是要6点起，参加演出和派对太累了。2.她可以拜托其他人替她把工作做了，只要罩得住别让她因为缺席而扣工资。Task6教授说有好多市场营销策略。一种是让product tested，就是让商品在严酷环境下使用让消费者觉得这东西质量太赞了。例子是把手提箱在雨里淋着，之后外面全湿了，打开一看里面的东西都是干的，太神奇了！还有一种是before and after demonstration，就是有个problem解决不了用了产品就解决了哟。例子是一个小正太的t shirt脏得不行了，什么吃的泥点子全有，用了soap洗了以后，跟新的一样哟。

    重点5Task3政策是学校在期末期间将延长cafeteria营业时间.结果那男的竟然同意!!我是按照不同意打的草稿,杯具.还好改起来也容易.男的说好,一是因为学生都在复习没精力煮饭,又不能老是简单对付,所以有吃的买当然好.二是以前晚上想和同学小组讨论一起复习都没地方,只好去学校外面找地方,现在可以去cafeteria.Task4动物为生存，会有什么allocation。容易找到食物的话，动物就花少的精力和时间；不容易就花大量教授说，seal。他们很容易找到食物，因为海里有很多鱼。他们不用花太多时间和精力找吃的。但是他们要花很多精力和时间来找location。一是吸引异性，繁殖，二是要占领一个领域，赶走其他的seal。三是要保护他领地的其他male sealTask5那男生的问题是他的心理课有小组讨论,他的小组的习惯是每周到一个组员家里,那个组员煮饭给大家吃,然后一起讨论.这周轮到他但是他忘了,现在已经来不及煮饭了.两个解决方案一是买餐厅的外卖带回家,但那男的又说这样贵,自己前段时间已经花了很多钱了.二是打电话给大家叫他们晚点来,自己赶快回家弄点简单的东西,又怕大家等的饿,还会影响饭后的讨论.Task6是生物的mimicry,说很多昆虫都有,mimicry能保护昆虫.例子一是一种苍蝇本身没有任何可以保护自己的武器,但是它的外表看上去很厉害,so the predator think it is dangerous.就不会吃它.例子二是一种蛾,it looks like the predator,所以predator看到它以为是同类也不会吃它.

    重点6Task3【学校通知】:校报登了封信,说要对学校大礼堂(auditorium)整修,首先要改进音响系统,然后引入online tickets system【学生意见】:听力里女生同意。学校礼堂音响系统确实非常烂,她有时候自己组织读诗会,学校麦克风经常不work。第二,online systems也非常有效,能解决问题她自己很难找出合适的时间去现场买票,大礼堂离教室非常远,有时买票队伍很长。Task4【课文要点】：product positioning（产品定位）。文章介绍了商家promote宣传商品的一个途径：advertiser need to知道目标客户target customers最需要的what they exactly they need。【教授举例】：教授举了一个例子。他曾worked in an advertisement agency as a consultant。为一个car business market一款专为在郊区生活的人设计的car。一开始销售状况不好。后来商家做研究。研究表明消费者最看gas mileage。Commuters（住在郊区要开车进城上班的群体）need cars which can save more gas。所以广告公司就这样设计广告：让一个人一路微笑地with a big smile on face开着这个牌子的车从suburban到city，驶过一个个加油站gas station旁呼啸而过。路过的每个station里都有很多人排队等待加油。广告末尾：your spend money on gas。这则广告说明开这种车很省油。结果，这种car成功地在两年里销量tripled了。Task5【学生困难】：女生导演的音乐剧将于明晚首演。票已卖光were sold out，但主唱leading singer临时得了重感冒caught a bad cold，喉咙不好，甚至不能讲话voice。故不能参加演出performance。要下周才能好。【解决方案】：男生给女生方案1、找个新演员代替find a understudy to replace him。女生说那人刚开始学歌词lines，还没怎么练习过，没有充分准备，怕明晚的首演opening night太紧张nervous，把音乐剧搞砸了。女生自己说出方案2、把音乐剧推迟到下周末postpone to next weekend举行。给买了票的观众退票return money。让他们下次演出时买票。女生担心这样做会让观众失望disappointed。Task6【讲课要点】：教授讲可以研究动物化石animal fossil里的mineral proportion推测古代气候ancient climate。因为不同的气候会对形成化石的生物organisms产生不同影响。举例：shellfish的shell化石里的镁magnesium quantity随着海水温度temperature的变化而变化。magnesium含量level越高，temperature越高。magnesium含量level越低，temperature越低。所以，通过把古代化石里的magnesium含量和现在在同一个地方的shellfish壳里的含量加以比照，我们就可以推测古代海水是colder还是warmer了。

    重点7Task3【公开信】:一个学生提议禁止在学校中心骑自行车,尤其在楼与楼之间,因为很窄(sidewalk is narrow),对行人很不安全,如果发现要罚款。【学生对话】:女生表示反对。一点是说其实很安全,因为骑车的人很responsible和小心。另外一点好像是专门请个人来看是否有人违规,太浪费资源和时间(waste of resource and time, if they bring security guard to take care of them.)。Task4Adaptive reuse:文章:介绍再利用,说是把没有用的但是有很好历史价值房子重新装修再来使用。听力:老师介绍说原来他们要建一个CONCERT hall, use a chocolate factory来改造,说这个地方足够大,很漂亮啊什么的。Task5女的电脑烂了。男的说，fix，但是不保证好。男的说买，女生觉得虽然马上可以用但比较贵，而且她想去加拿大旅行。买了就没有钱去旅行了Task6是生物的mimicry,说很多昆虫都有,mimicry能保护昆虫.例子一是一种苍蝇本身没有任何可以保护自己的武器,但是它的外表看上去很厉害,so the predator think it is dangerous.就不会吃它.例子二是一种蛾,it looks like the predator,所以predator看到它以为是同类也不会吃它.

    重点8Task3【公开信】有个人写信给学校,说student directory(college directory that has all the contact information of students.)可以两个方面改进:1.加照片(Add photos of students)2.制作一个网上在线浏览的版本(Put the directory on the internet)。【学生对话】听力里男人说好啊。

    1. some students may have the same name, photo helps students to find the right person.因为上礼拜我用student directory找个人忘了他的last name,结果打错了各种囧,有照片就不会;还有在线浏览好啊,

    2. Some students can’t find the directory.很多人一开学就displace了那本小书,有了在线版就啥时候都能看见了。(It is easy for students to find these information if there are electronic version of the directory available online.)Task4【名词解释】Insight learning。在观察周围情况后,动物能相处解决问题的方案。这就是insight learning。【教授举例】:举例大猩猩(Chimpanzee)如何获取食物的例子来进一步阐述这个理论和概念。香蕉在很高的天花板上(top of its cage)挂着,猩猩反应是跳起来去取,一次两次甚至三次,太高取不到会失望和沮丧。Then it give up and sit down for awhile,经过思考,他发现屋里有box,于是他拿来一个box垫在自己脚下再去取,还是不够高,他又拿另外一个Box,(use box on top of other boxes)直到盒子的高度足以让他取到香蕉。Task5阅读说学校对theatre专业的有新要求take a trip off campus，看专业的product，要花35元。女的问男的态度，男的很欢迎，说对理解有帮助，花钱也不多，花3次的钱可以看一次免费的。Task6【讲座内容】商务经济类，关于collect information for business marketing的2个方法，是quantity way，例子是，一个car manufacture, use这个方法通过大量调查，发现没有孩子的客户购买量大,而有孩子的客户购买量小。第二个方法是opinion based就是问卷调查之类的。之后该公司为了查明为什么有孩子的客户购买量小，就用该方法survey问卷调查，发现是car的back seat有问题，孩子觉得不舒服。

    重点9Task3【学校通知】关于学校的咖啡厅又一个新计划:允许学生办音乐会【学生对话】女学生说太好了

    ,她是个音乐家,弹吉他又唱歌,这样的话给像她这样的学生提供了表演机会,练习在观众前放松表演,还有怎么用麦克风什么的。

    第二,音乐会是免费的,这样的话好多学生可以不用担心负担不起。男声基本上就随声附和。Task4【名词解释】一种商业竞争策略fighting brand。大公司推出价格便宜的子品牌跟小公司竞争。【讲座举例】听力中例子company A生产digital camera,口碑很好,大家都乐意买。有小公司B生产similar digital camera,但是价格便宜,大家觉得这也是个不错的deal。大公司司A为了保住市场份额,推出一个牌子,价钱便宜质量一般,跟B公司竞争。因为人们对公司A公司熟悉所以买公司A子品牌的东西,逐渐不买公司B的。Task5【学生困难】：男生想弄个announcement on newspaper让更多的人来参加阅读演出singing group. He did not submit the announcement for upcoming event this week to the school's newspaper before the deadline. He is worrying about there will not be many students come to see the performance.【解决方案】：女生建议：方案1、To postpone延期到下周，但but it not easy to book the music hall where the performance will take place。方案2、To notice students by posters at different locations on campus since students are everywhere.男生说考虑一下。Task6【讲课要点】：Wetland's two benefits for animals.

    1). For nursery, sharks lay eggs in wetlands close to the ocean, because wetlands are shallow, there are not large predators, baby sharks can grow safely in the wetlands and survive in the ocean.

    2). For rest and find food. Immigrating birds, for example, paper, during the long journey of immigration, stop the wetlands to find the food because they can find similar food like before

    重点10Task3【学校通知】学校打算新开一门课程,教学生如何写project和thesis,并强制学生参加【学生对话】男生很喜欢这个课程,原因有三:

    一、他本身不会写thesis,他心理学的一个project修改了两次才最后通过,这个课程对他很有用

    二、可以看到别的学生怎么写,学习别人好的地方

    三、也可以看到别的学生的错误,下次再自己的project里面避免类似错误。Task4【名词解释:peer reinforcement】说的是如果有同学不守纪律不按规则办事,老师不批评他而是表扬做的好的同学,然后那个不守纪律的同学就自觉做好了。【讲座举例】教授举例:和小朋友们玩积木时,有个要求就是玩好要放好,结果有次有个小朋友Sarah不干了,然后老师表扬另外一个放得特别好的小朋友Paul(说I really like your way to clean up your toys),然后Sarah就自觉放好了。Task6【讲课要点】：social cooperation among animals benefits the whole group。举了两个例子：例子1、如果一只鹿自己吃feeding alone，在吃的同时必须警惕alert狼和熊等天敌predator的攻击。吃的时候不能专心，效率低、吃得少。然而，一群deers成群in a group吃东西，比一只鹿自己吃更好。集体有所分工，一些鹿轮流take turn站岗放哨，防卫predator。另一些就能安心well进食，高效地吃more efficiently。例子2、一个蜜蜂honey bee回到蜂巢hive通过跳一种特殊的舞special dance，如０字舞和８字舞，来分享share关于它找到的食物源food source的信息information（about where the food source is和距离（location and distance））。这样，整个蜂群都会收益the whole group will benefit from the bee

    重点11Task3【公开信】一个学生写信给学校要求cut parking area教学楼旁边的理由:

    1，可以多些绿色空间

    2，学生可以骑自行车或走路去。【学生对话】女生同意:

    1，喜欢绿色空间,有地方休闲

    2，减少污染,和trafficTask4ReadingFor surviving purpose, animals are weighing the pros and cons of their energy allocation consciously. If animals spend their energy more on foraging, they would leave less time and energy on reproduction, and vice versa if they focus much on reproduction, they would pay less attention on foraging for food.ListeningToday we are discussing animal behavior. when animals face complex environment, they have to think about their energy allocation. Take seal for instance, they are easy to find food, because there a lot of fish in the sea, as a result, seal doesn’t need too much time and energy foraging for food. However, seal spend much time foraging for their location. For the first reason, they find the location to attract their potential mate for reproduction, for the second reason, they occupy their territory in order to drive other seals away, for the third reason, the seal need a territory to protect other male seal follows.The reading passage introduces a phenomenon of animals’ energy distribution. For example, the more energy has been used to search for food, the less that left behind could be spent on other things, such as reproduction.In the lecture, the speaker uses detailed information to reinforce the idea in the reading passage.He uses seal’s example to point out that seal spend more energy foraging for their locations than for food.One reason the speaker gives is that the male sealscan draw the females’ attention by finding their location.Moreover, if a seal has seized a location, it can expel other individuals.Finally, seal necessitates territory to safeguard their fellows.Task5有个guest speaker在学校里有个lecture，讲journal的。女生想去听，但是不行，因为：：她有图书馆的part-time job。虽然boss might be easy，但是她上周才stop，所以不好这么频繁的请加。第二：她可以事后借video tape来看，但是缺点在于不能与speaker直接沟通问问题。Task6商业的business strategy of second interest。两种方法：提供给买电脑的顾客free video games，因此当顾客不清楚是否要购买电脑时，video games可以促使他们购买。第二：提供free computer lesson。可以maintain顾客，获得及时的反馈。

    重点12Task3关于学校stop serving junk food in dining hall,男生不同意。一:这是没有必要的。学生已经很健康了,学习完以后吃点零食是挺好的,尤其是finishing paper以后,女生说对啊,比如icecream什么的。二:就算我们不在学校买也会到校外的store去买,而且更贵,根本就不省钱Task4动物的利他主义:benefic other animals, but reduce the chance of survival。一种生活在加州的动物松鼠,它的主要敌人是mountain lion.尤其是吃母的。当她发现有危险?时候会发生一种高pitch的calling来警告同伴赶紧逃跑,但是他的calling会引来lion,因此自己很可能被吃掉,她牺牲了自己逃走的机会,但是给同伴留了生路,尤其是family member在附近的时候Task5只记得解决方法一个是resign，但是不是很负责很难找到一个合适的editor，第二个是在暑假上课，但是约好了和朋友玩，上课的话太扫朋友兴了回忆2：两个人对话，男的课外做一些newspaper的事，怕自己和下学期major course不能做好，想辞掉工作又觉得可惜，女的建议可以把课放到假期，男的假期和朋友约好旅行特别想去，结果记不太清了报纸的Task6【讲课要点】：social cooperation among animals benefits the whole group。举了两个例子：例子1、如果一只鹿自己吃feeding alone，在吃的同时必须警惕alert狼和熊等天敌predator的攻击。吃的时候不能专心，效率低、吃得少。然而，一群deers成群in a group吃东西，比一只鹿自己吃更好。集体有所分工，一些鹿轮流take turn站岗放哨，防卫predator。另一些就能安心well进食，高效地吃more efficiently。例子2、一个蜜蜂honey bee回到蜂巢hive通过跳一种特殊的舞special dance，如０字舞和８字舞，来分享share关于它找到的食物源food source的信息information（about where the food source is和距离（location and distance））。这样，整个蜂群都会收益the whole group will benefit from the bee。

    重点13Task3文章内容:学校出公告要建一个housing office for off-campus.对话:女生同意觉得很好.原因:1)是on-campus的dorm已经overcrowded了.2)是新生不熟悉本地环境.这个office正好帮助他们。Task4动物有时候会发出假的警报,赶走同类,减少competition。举例,猴子在有豹子出现的时候,发出警报叫声,其他猴子听到会逃到树上去。但是有人发现一猴子找到了一堆水果,发出警报,其他猴子都逃走了。其实没有豹子出现,发现水果的猴子自己在独享水果。Task5男子的问题, summer job,租了个房子,但kitchen unavailable，2 decisions:1. friend有kitchen，一起用,但是会inconvenient.2.在 school cafeteria买个 plan，很便宜，但距离远Task6plant shed themselves1. prevent damage例子 marple tree在冬天来临时掉叶子，要不snow和ice附在叶子上会压坏枝条，2. reserve nutrient例子 avo什么 tree结果子时会让一些果子提前掉下以获得足够营养让果子成熟

    重点14Task3关于停车场不够要改造停车场。有人建议多建停车场,对话里头女的不同意。因为1)图书馆和食堂边上都可以停,而且走两步没什么问题。2)校园绿化本来就不多,所以不可以把绿地改造成停车场。Task4business class讲lateral view(侧面观点).就是从一个新的观点来看问题.对话里的教授举了一个例子:一个经营宾馆的人老遭到顾客抱怨说等电梯时间太长.然后经理先去找了电梯生产商,发现解决问题成本太高.然后他的员工给他提意见说可以在电梯前装个电视,顾客就不觉得无聊了.问题让你用这个例子来说明lateral view.Task5女的在小学当志愿者，和她的小学生们约好周末去野餐。但周末天气不好。所以有两个选择改计划，但很麻烦，因为家长也要去。2）改地点，去餐厅吃。但在室内吃饭没有在外面有趣。Task6讲群居动物都有两种表现：一种是凶猛的表现，此行为不会影响彼此，反而能保护彼此。比如两个猩猩一起看到一个食物，先看到的猩猩就会表现凶悍，这样后看到的猩猩就心领神会了，自然不会打架。第二种是友好表现，如果两个猩猩真的打架之类的话，打完了猩猩就会互相拥抱，以表善意。

    重点15Task3文章:说要把一个on campus剧院关掉,移到外面的一个地方,这样的好处有:

    1.外面的剧院更大,就有更多的人去。

    2.外面的light和sound系统更好。听力:男生不同意,说

    1.太远了,不方面,同学们不想去

    2.我们不是PROFETIONAL的,所以没有受训练,去用更好SYSTEM也许还更差。Task4讲demand shifting。Two strategies of demand shift reduce the peak-peak demanding; increase the poor-peak demanding.教授举例说他的一个在洛杉矶的朋友开了一家餐馆,这个餐馆在晚上7-9点之间,人声鼎沸,很少有位置。有些顾客愿意等位置,但很多人都不想等而是换其它地方吃饭。于是,教授的朋友就create a new deal。对于7点之前吃饭的顾客就免费提供dessert。于是有些原来七点后来的顾客为了得到免费甜品,就提早来,并且提前结束吃饭。这样餐馆比以前更加赚钱。Task5女生在图书馆看书，忽然想起要赶去教室做她的presentation，路程是10分钟，时间很紧了。男生告诉他下大雨了。没带伞。Lecture:有两个解决方案：男生说出方案1、男生借给女生雨伞，但是雨伞在不远的另一个地方，去取的话要几分钟，然后女生会迟到。女生自己说出方案2、冒雨跑去教室不会迟到，但全身湿淋淋，书和笔记本也全湿掉。描述女生遇到的难题，男生给的两个建议，你的建议，为什么。Task6动物欺骗捕食者predator以保护自己defense的两种方法behavior：举了一个动物(蛇)，说是这个动物用2种方法：、1）fool predator。说是做出它们要反击的动作（bite），其实它们不是真的要bite, and move suddenly to scare the predator, predator就给吓跑了。2）misleading：装死，对吃活物捕食者百试不爽。翻白眼，张嘴巴，让捕食者以为它们死了。捕食者就走了，等捕食者走了，蛇再活过来。

  

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