托福阅读非常规“修辞目的题”解题方法（二）

前面已经看过托福阅读非常规“修辞目的题”解题方法（一）的内容，是不是还没有看够呢？成都新航道小编这就为大家继续分享其余的内容。

下面我们来看例2

For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenth-century rise in industry, technology, and economic power known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteen century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power. Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing and energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. This was to occur with progress in the development of the steam engine. （TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution）

Why does the author provide the information that “Great Britain had large amounts of coal”?

(A) To reject the claim that Britain was facing an energy shortage in the eighteen century

(B) To explain why coal rather than other energy resources became the primary source of heat for homes and industries in eighteencentury Britain

(C) To indicate that Britain's energy shortage was not the result of a lack of fuel

(D)To explain why coal mining became an important industry in nineteenth-century.

大家先自己思考一下，这个题的答案。

不着急看答案。

不着急看答案。

不着急看答案。

该题的正确答案为 C。而有不少同学会选择 A。

我们一起来追溯选 A 的同学的错误思路。

“Great Britain had large amounts of coal”意思是“英国有大量的煤”。

往前找被支持的观点句， 前一句说“Wood，…, was diminishing in supply.” 意为“木材供应不足”。

所以“coal”和“wood” 这两句都是客观事实举例，还应该往前找，再 前一句话是 “However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing and energy shortage.”即“十八世纪的英国正在经 历能源短缺”，此句为概括句。

那么刚才读过的三句话的关系是“缺能源－缺木材－不缺煤”。而 “Great Britain had large amounts of coal“ 之 后 还 有 个 ”however“ ，可能就是想反驳“十八世纪的英国 正在经历能源短缺”。

那么答案为 A——“反驳十八世 纪的英国正在经历能源危机这一观点”。

同学们，我们来一起分析一下上面这个思路的漏洞出现在哪里？

出现在步和第二步之间。“Great Britain had large amounts of coal” 和 “Wood， …, was diminishing in supply.”两句真的是并列句吗？

所谓的并列句，应该是从结构和内容上来说，基本上可以做到对应的两个句子。

而 “coal”所在的句子，是由“however”连接的两个转折关系的句子组成。所以，两句并没有构成并列关 系。

要说“However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing and energy shortage.” 和 “Wood， …, was diminishing in supply.” 是概括和举例之间的关系，“Great Britain had large amounts of coal， however，there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery.” 就是说的另一件事。由于转折关系是在 句子内部，所以并没有把前面的事实否定掉，但重点 强调的是“缺乏有效的方法去产生推动机器的机械能”。

因此，答案为 C。

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托福阅读非常规“修辞目的题”解题方法（一）

托福阅读非常规“修辞目的题”解题方法（三）