托福阅读中,逻辑关系词的重要性不言而喻,很多时候我们对文章结构的把握,段落结构的把握都要依赖逻辑关系词,下面小编就为大家总结一下常见的逻辑关系词。
1.转折关系
but, however, yet(然而), on the contrary, contrary to, contrarily, by(in) contrast (to), whereas, rather than, instead of, unlike, in fact(effect), actually弱转, conversely
2.让步关系
although, much as, though, even though(if), even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyhow(anyway), as, while(虽然、尽管、即使), still(尽管如此)
3.总分关系(举例&总结)
举例:for example、for instance、such as、including
总结:in sum,in general, overall, to sum up,on the whole, generally
4.因果关系
显性:
because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, there by, hence, consequently, accordingly.
隐性:
a. 表示导致含义:
lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt.
b. 由……而来:
come from, result from, originate, derive from, stem from, be responsive to.
c. 反映,体现:
reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate.
d. 考虑到…, 依赖…:
give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on
e. 条件关系:
if, when, while, as, as soon as
f. 介词:
by,from
5.递进关系
递进词:still、also、indeed、furthermore(进一步)、moreover(而且、此外)、highlighting(突出、强调)、even(甚至、更)、besides(注意区分except), additionally, in addition, what’s more
6.条件关系
连词:if, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing, in case (of), in the event of, assume, presumably, so long as, unless, only if, when
7.并列关系
并列词:and(和)、as well as(也)、likewise(同样的)、while(与此同时)、similarly(类似地)、or(或者)、simultaneously(同时发生地)、meanwhile(同时 )、in the meantime、neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also
同学们要认真地看一下逻辑关系词,掌握了逻辑关系词在托福阅读中会帮助我们对文章结构,段落结构加深理解,更加能够读懂原文。
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