托福阅读背景知识：报纸的发展

托福阅读取材很广，我们对各行业的背景知识都应该有一些了解。新航道小编在这里跟大家分享托福阅读的背景知识“报纸的发展”，谨供参考。

The term newspaper became common in the17th century. However, in Germany, publications that we would today consider to be newspaper publications, were appearing as early as the16th century. They were discernibly newspapers for the following reasons: they were printed, dated, appeared at regular and frequent publication intervals, and included a variety of news items(unlike single item news mentioned above). The first newspaper however was said to be the Strasbourg Relation, in the early17th century. German newspapers, like avisis, were organized by the location from which they came, and by date. They differed from avisis in the following manners: they employed a distinct and highly illustrated title page, and they applied an overall date to each issue.

The emergence of the new media branch in the17th century has to be seen in close connection with the spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives it name.

During the17th century, there were many kinds of publications, that told both news and rumours. Among these were pamphlets, posters, ballads etc. Even when the news periodicals emerged, many of these co-existed with them. A news periodical differs from these mainly because of its periodicity. The definition for17th century newsbooks and newspapers is that they are published at least once a week. Johann Carolus' Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in Strassburg in1605, is usually regarded as the first news periodical.

In the beginning of the17th century, the right to print was strictly controlled in England. This was probably the reason why the first newspaper in English language was printed in Amsterdam by Joris Veseler around1620. This followed the style established by Veseler's earlier Dutch paper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt,&c. However, when the English started printing their own papers in London, they reverted to the pamphlet format used by contemporary books. The publication of these newsbooks was suspended between1632 and1638 by order of The Star Chamber. After they resumed publication, the era of these newsbooks lasted until the publication of the Oxford Gazette in1665.

The control over printing relaxed greatly after the abolition of the Star Chamber in1641. The Civil War escalated the demand for news. News pamphlets or books reported the war, often supporting one side or the other. Following the Restoration there arose a number of publications, including the London Gazette(first published on16 November1665 as the Oxford Gazette),[2] the first official journal of record and the newspaper of the Crown. Publication was controlled under the Licensing Act of1662, but the Act's lapses from1679?C1685 and from1695 onwards encouraged a number of new titles.

以上就是关于报纸发展的托福阅读背景知识的介绍，希望对大家有所帮助。更多托福备考信息详见新航道托福频道。

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