7个不同的因果关系表示方法 (重点掌握2, 3, 4, 7)
2014年04月26日 04:05
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供稿单位：互联网 责编：新航道小编 浏览 0次
7个不同的因果关系表示方法 (重点掌握2, 3, 4, 7)
1.成都地铁缓解了交通
CD subway alleviated the traffic(句子内部的谓语动词表因果)
2.成都开通了地铁，缓解了交通
CD opened subway, alleviating the traffic(伴随状语表因果)
3.成都开通了地铁，因此缓解了交通
CD opened subway, thereby\ thus alleviating the traffic(结果状语表因果)
4.成都开通了地铁，因此，交通被缓解了
CD opened subway. As a result, the traffic was alleviated(结果连词表因果)
5.由于成都开通地铁，交通被缓解了
Since\ because CD opened subway, the traffic was alleviated(原因连词表因果)
6.如果成都开通地铁，交通就会被缓解
If CD opens subway, the traffic will be alleviated(假设连词表因果)
7.成都开通了地铁，这缓解了交通
CD opened subway, which alleviated the traffic(非限定性定语从句表因果)
两种常用的扩展分论点的方法
1.因果论证
推因论果
示例一
Fierce competition among colleagues brings about job stress. Specifically, every person aspires to become successful. This very desire drives people to compete for limited positions and resources at all costs, creating intense pressure on everyone
示例二
Watching TV too much tends to have an unfavorable influence on the family relationship, by which I mean,if one spends the vast majority of his spare time on television, he will lack sufficient time for communication with family members, which may possibly result in the alienation among family members
延长因果链:
以分论点为起点，说明分论点的影响或者结果(示例参见剑桥5 P165考官范文主体段第二个分论点)
2.对比论证
正反方对比：(示例参见剑桥5 P165考官范文主体段个分论点)
课堂练习:
题目：
In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a wide range of subjects,
while in others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to particular careers. Which education
system according to your opinion is more appropriate for today’s world?（中学生应该学习全科，还是专科？）
以倾向观点为“应该学习全科”为例
假设我们试图用“因果论证”来论证个分论点，用“对比论证”来论证第二个分论点，示例如下：
First of all, receiving a general education makes it more possible for students to broaden their
horizons（分论点1）. Specifically(介于分论点和支持句之间的连词), different subjects would
put students into contact with a wide range of knowledge and skills. As a result, they tend
to be more well-rounded and versatile.（因果论证：在推因论果中，结果可以是分论点的
同意替换，也可以是分论点的结果延长，也可以都有）
In addition, by learning various courses, students can adapt to increasingly stiff
competition in present-day society（分论点2）. Those focusing on certain subjects
would be rather restricted in terms of job search, owing to lack of a diversity of abilities
demanded by employers（反方）. By contrast,\ conversely, young adults who contact
various courses are more likely to find a decent job after graduation, as they have enough
theoretical knowledge available（正方）（对比论证）
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