今天,我们来介绍一下,在考研英语完型当中出现频率高,也是容易作为正确答案的单词—— subject。
一、subject的含义
1.subject 作名词
subject 作名词的时候,有三个常见意思。
(1)subject 表示对象
举例:
We need male subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 for the experiment.
我们需要18至25岁之间的男性(对象)来接受试验。
(2)subject 表示科目;学科
举例:
My favorite subject is math. 我喜欢的科目是数学。
subject 表示主题;话题;
举例:
What is the subject of the text? 这篇文章的主题是什么?
2.subject 作形容词
(1)易受...的;容易遭受...的;
固定搭配:be subject to...
举例:
Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
翻译:任何仔细记分的人都知道,可获得的信息永远是不完整的,并且预测总是会发生错误的。
(2)取决于(某人;某事);服从于(某人,某事)
固定搭配:be subject to...
例句:In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval.
翻译:在2006年,该州政府更进一步,要求所有工厂执照的延期都必须经过佛蒙特州立法机构的批准.
3.subject 作动词
(1)subject A to B 让A服从于B。
举例:
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
翻译:此外,人类又能够改善他们生存的环境,因此使其他所有生命形式服从于人类独特的想法和想象。
(2)be subjected to... 使遭受...;受到...的支配
举例:
It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.
翻译:当遇到(遭受到)不文明行为时,即便是冷静,脾气好的司机,也难以抵挡住报复的冲动。
二、subject在考研英语真题中的应用
2010年考研真题完型
After several decades the same date were 11 to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record.
11.[A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed
【解析】这里的“subject”要放在be subject to 这个词组里看,该词组在这里的意思应该是“对…有影响”。
翻译:几十年后,同一数据被应用到了计量经济学分析
2012年考研英语真题完型
At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.
6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone
【解析】该词的用法选取考生比较为熟悉的意思,即“使服从,受…管制”。
翻译:至少,法院应遵守其它联邦司法部门应用的行为准则。
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