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很多老师在讲课时都会着重讲解There be句型,有的老师干脆直接说:建议大家不要用There be句型,就怕不注意就出错。与高分擦肩而过,那么There be句型到底有哪些语法上的错误呢。大家该去怎么注意呢?典型示例,列举如下:
“There be”失误句型1. there be和have对冲
我们都知道,基本的语法常识告诉我们,there be和have是不可能同时出现的,但是事与愿违,考生对二者的混用乐此不疲,请看下例:
(1) There has a class meeting. (×)
(2) There is a class meeting. (√)
(3) There will be have some negative effects on the environment. (×)
(4) There will be some negative effects on the environment. (√)
There be结构与have都可表示“有”的含义,但在意义上have强调“所有”,而there be则强调“存在”,它们的侧重点不同。在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替。there不能和have (has)连用。There后无论有多少助动词,最后要落实到be上。
下面我们通过简单的举例补充说明下二者的异同:
a. 相同点
表示“一年有……个月/季节、一小时有……分钟”等某些客观存在的“有”时,我们既可以用have / has, 也可以用there is / are。例如:
A year has four seasons. = There are four seasons in a year.
A minute has sixty seconds. = There are sixty seconds in a minute.
b. 不同点
●have强调“所属”关系,即“拥有”。例如:
I have a younger sister.
Tom has a new computer.
●there be强调“存在”关系,表示“(某个地方、某个时候)有(什么)”,常与地点状语或时间状语连用。例如:
There is a map of China on the wall.
There is a comedy at 7:30 this evening.
There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。
“There be”失误句型 2. there be主谓一致问题
主谓一致问题是考生所犯的最为频繁的错误之一,其实从这点可以看出,雅思考试的语法点并不是很难,关键就是细心程度。首先要认识到在此句型中,这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。例如:
(1) There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk, 是单数,故be的形式要用is)
(2) There are two chairs and a desk in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是two chairs, 是复数,故be的形式要用are)
(3) There are some people in the classroom.(同上)
“There be”失误句型 3. 关于There be+sb.+doing sth句式
此句式意为“有某人在做某事”。我们的考生在写作的时候,经常会在there be sb/sth之后添加动作来修饰物体和人的动作表现,但是往往也因此就出现了很多错误。例如:
(1) There are a great deal of people go abroad every year.
正解:There are a great deal of people going abroad every year.
(2) There are some people suggest that we demolish old building in cities.
正解:There are some people suggesting that we demolish old buildings in cities.
在there be句式中,表示“有某人在做某事”时,后面的动作要变化成动名词形式,这是基本的语法常识。
“There be”失误句型 4. 时态问题
众所周知,英语中的时态是由动词的变位来体现的,在雅思作文中,如果时态出现问题,那么考生的语法错误面积就会通篇暴露在考官面前,因为作文的每句话中,几乎都离不开动词,因此,对时态的把握是极其重要的。在there be句型中,be已经是谓语动词,所以,此句型的时态是通过对be动词的变化来体现的。简单列举分析如下:
(1) There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.(一般将来时)
(2) There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.(一般将来时)
(3) There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight(一般将来时)
(4) There have been a lot of accidents round here.(现在完成时)
(5) There has been some awful weather lately.(现在完成时)
(6) He told me that there had been an argument between them.(过去完成时)
(7) There will have been a definite result before Friday.(将来完成时)
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